Nz native trees identification pdf TREES THAT COUNT – NATIVE TREES AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION Contacts Oct 29, 2020 · If so, the tree fern is a ponga – the silver fern, a species of tree fern only found in New Zealand. APPENDIX 1. nz Trees That Count has the potential to create a powerful social movement to plant millions more native trees and reduce New Zealand’s carbon emissions. About the key; Run the key Factsheets in the DOC Experiencing native trees resource provide examples. Categorise them into native, endemic and introduced species. The coastal Mar 5, 2024 · Kahikatea is the tallest native tree species in New Zealand. , they are endemics). 2018. Plus, the fronds are covered with small scales, in contrast with the hairs characteristic of the Dicksonia species such as whekī (tree ferns are either scaly or hairy In addition to preserving native tree species, this planting also preserves the habitat of other native species, especially birds and insects. existing trees, paths, services (underground), power lines etc. May 4, 2004 · A go-to, illustrated field guide of edible native New Zealand plants, including a section on poisonous plants. • Consider what your chosen Prior to my trip, I ordered Andrew Crowe's Mini Guide to the Identification of New Zealand Native Trees. 1 Identify and photograph tree specimens to show form and shape of tree Compact enough to fit in a day-pack, it contains detailed information on all native trees found on the main islands of New Zealand, including Stewart Island and the Chathams. Full of essential information for quick and accurate Dec 12, 2011 · New Zealand's Native Trees bears close similarities to John Salmon's The Native Trees of New Zealand (Citation 1980). Full planting service in Greater Waikato Region . Black Bridge Nurseries has long been associated with an extensive range of New Zealand’s native flora. The Canterbury Plains has a surprisingly Dec 16, 2023 · New Zealand Journal of Ecology 3:151-153. Range evidence of at least forty trees is required. 5 7 6 8 Find out more: Visit aucklandbotanicgardens. About 10–15% of the total land area of New Zealand is covered with native flora, from tall kauri and kohekohe forests to rainforest dominated by rimu, beech, tawa, matai and rata; ferns and flax; dunelands with their spinifex and pingao; alpine and subalpine herb fields; and scrub and tussock. Nīkau palms can reach heights of 10-15 meters. These are often produced to protect the plant from browsing insects or mammals or from bacteria and fungi. J. ©New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2022 Outcomes and performance criteria Outcome 1 Identify, photograph or press, label, and present trees commonly found in New Zealand arboriculture situations. It includes information on: the objectives of establishing natives; cultural and historical perspectives on planting native trees; requirements for establishing native trees; seed and propogation of natives; site selection for establishing natives NATIVE TREES New Zealand Native Plants for Erosion Control ET:LM:NT1:November 2004 Introduction This Environment Topic provides information about the types of native trees, shrubs and grasses you can successfully to plant in an eroding area. Just find a typical leaf of a common native tree and with this new guide follow simple leaf keys to name the tree. Aiken) Recently, in addition to dichotomous keys, electronic computer-based keys are now being developed and used. We have not Then think about other native plants that you would like to plant when the canopy above will provide frost and wind protection to other species, such as ferns and frost tender plants. It is the only palm species naturally occurring in the country. May 15, 2019 · Most of those trees are evergreens, but there are some deciduous native New Zealand trees too. The group meets formally once a year for field days and discussions but also organises local “expeditions” to particular areas from time to time. Some species conspicuous in other parts of the region, but not the Waitakere Range include towai (Weinmannia silvicola) and hard beech Jun 1, 1997 · Food from trees and shrubs edible herbs edible ferns edible mushrooms edible seaweeds other native plants said to be edible introduced food plants of the Maori traditional cooking methods of theMaori bush survival poisonous plants. Other native species are shared with Australia; their tiny dust-like seeds have blown across the Tasman to arrive in New Zealand, both recently and in the more distant past. The New Zealand Native Orchid Group is made up of enthusiasts from around New Zealand, with some members resident overseas. The wide variety of quality timber and wood products produced in New Zealand are Apr 1, 2022 · The Look-up Tables published by The Ministry for Primary Industries are used by small forest growers to estimate carbon stock for the Emissions Trading Scheme(ETS). Jun 7, 2018 · You can now identify New Zealand's native shrubs, ferns and trees on the go thanks to the free app NZ Tree, developed at Auckland University of Technology. 30/08/2014 saltmagazine. NZ Gastrodia key. * Colour photographs of leaves, flowers, fruit and associated creatures * Graphics giving tree shape and height Jul 24, 2014 · The Flora Finder app currently identifies 87 common New Zealand native trees and shrubs. Other plants trap soil e,g swamps and as they break down build up the valleys This poster demonstrates the size of our native trees. R = rare NZ Native Trees. The core of both books is formed by very brief descriptions of native tree taxa, including tree ferns and species that fall in the grey zone between trees and shrubs, and high-quality photographs similarly fill most of the pages. 06 870 4048 Fax 06 870 4042 Website: www. The tree's fruit is a small, blue-green berry eaten by birds. Beveridge, A. These are the recommended areas to plant each species in. 0. The cabbage tree is a quite common type of tree in New Zealand. Search Trees and plants are the earth's source of Oxygen, which with out no animal would exist Shapes the ranges Tree roots help prevent slips and erosion. What is the difference between a plant and a tree? Mar 6, 2022 · Identify New Zealand native trees by their leaves. Created Date: 1/23/2024 4:26:19 PM Apr 26, 2020 · DAY 2: Native and introduced plant scavenger hunts. increasing New Zealand’s plant diversification and maximising plant performance for carbon accrediting. surveyingthebay. A visual key to leaf 117 Heretaunga Street West, P O Box 611, Hastings, New Zealand Ph. Many New Zealand species are found nowhere else in the world because these islands have been isolated for millions of years. T. A five-year SAF implementation plan has been developed for this species. A handy, pocket-sized guide to the identification of New Zealand native trees. ” nztrees is available on Apple and Android platforms and the AUT ecologists hope it will be the first in a series of free nature identification apps to help people The Field Guide to New Zealand's Native Trees by John Dawson and Rob Lucas should be in every arborist's library. Science – living world. The New Zealand Plants website is part of, and is hosted by, the Faculty of Science at the University of Auckland, New Zealand and contains photos and descriptions of native plants of New Zealand plus further reading and 3D animation resources. Valuable as an identification guide Tāne's Tree Trust have produced a technical handbook on planting and managing native species. The list was written by Peter de Lange and Jeremy Rolfe and includes 2414 indigenous vascular plant species recorded in the New Zealand botanic region. To restore an area successfully takes planning, effort and time. Members of the TAIAO project at Waikato and Canterbury universities have used a data set of more than 1 million identified images to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) to identify Aotearoa’s plants, animals and fungi. Each tree leaf is beautifully illustrated to help you and your learners spot them outdoors. The extreme and the unusual abound in New Zealand’s flora and fauna, a A handy guide to the identification of New Zealand native trees. Canterbury is recognised as one of only 25 places of global importance, or biodiversity hotspots, because of its wide, unique range of native species. Pollination is a largely under researched area of New Zealand plant ecology. Our unique strength is in linking people interested in plant conservation with comprehensive, accessible and accurate information to support their efforts in promoting and conserving native plants. If the monumental New Zealand’s Native Trees has inspired you to venture into the outdoors to look more closely at our unique tree flora, this field guide is the A simple, illustrated guide to common New Zealand native trees, including identification, ecology and uses, by best-selling author Andrew Crowe. 1 Published 08/07/19. [1] Jun 4, 2007 · A handy, pocket-sized guide to the identification of New Zealand native trees. The native species once colonised dry and unstable soils and sand dunes, where they provided shelter against strong, salt-laden winds, and habitat for the native wildlife. Forest Research, Rotorua, in association with the New Zealand Fire New Zealand Garden Journal, 2015, Vol. 8. Wood from these plantations has largely replaced scarce New Zealand native species for structural purposes. nzpcn. Learn more about the common NZ native trees you support with Trees That Count. In both urban and rural plant species the actual pollination mechanisms are still unknown. Check with: colour photographs of the leaf for every tree ; illustrations that show tree shape and height ; graphics that reveal tree distribution. tanestrees. Nature guide to the New Zealand forest. Pre-spray, supply and delivery, Planting - from $4 + GST / plant. govt. 1,000 to 100,000 trees Find the perfect native trees nz stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. We do know that most native plants are pollinated by insects. Available for both RF and RM licensing. They evolved over millions of years to adapt to the climate, ecosystems and conditions of these isolated islands. If a famil A good source of information about native plants is the website of the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network – see www. nz Phone 09 267 1457 ext. Performance criteria 1. Salmon, 2004, Reed Mar 14, 2019 · Aotearoa New Zealand is well known for its unusual plants and animals. Compact enough to fit in a day-pack, it contains detailed information on all native trees found on the main islands of New Zealand, including Stewart Island and the Chathams. 3: Native trees and shrubs for backdunes Technical Article No. NEW ZEALAND NATIVE TIMBER SPECIES COLLECTED, AND LARGE ENOUGH TO YIELD A 40 MM SQUARE, AS AT 22 APRIL 2014. Said to be the most common tree in all of New Zealand. However, other invasive non-native plants associated with freshwater also threaten Scotland’s biodiversity, and the SAF action for New Zealand pygmyweed is being • New Zealand Forest Owners Association • Department of Conservation • New Zealand Defence Force • members of Local Government New Zealand * Correct citation: Fogarty, L. All observations you make on iNaturalist NZ simultaneously become part of iNaturalist. Potton & Burton. Author. There is detailed geographic distribution along with the types of site and plant associations in which they are normally found. John Dawson and Rob Lucas, 2000, Godwit Which coastal plant? A simple guide to the identification of New Zealand’s common coastal plants. There are giant snails and tree daisies, flightless birds and 1,000-year-old trees – but few reptiles. Publication date. A companion volume to the award-wining and monumental New Zealand’s Native Trees, this field guide is the perfect companion to take into the outdoors. Rātā trees have glossy dark green leaves and trunks that are often gnarled and twisted. Using observation to identify plants. some flowers attracting flies will smell iNaturalist NZ — Mātaki Taiao is the New Zealand community inside the global iNaturalist network. EXPERIENCING NATIVE TREES IN YOUR GREEN SPACE 4 New Zealand trees New Zealand has many unique plants and trees. org. Forest management New Zealand. nz. Kahikatea is sometimes called the "white pine" due to the colour of its bark. 80% of our trees, ferns and flowering plants are endemic (found only in New Zealand). The text includes botanical and ecological characteristics of all 233 species of native trees, describing form and dimensions as well as foliage, flowers and fruit. Its primary aim is to present the results of a survey of regional and unitary councils in New Zealand of the use of willows and native plants in stream and river protection work. Key to parasitic plant genera (by Miriam A. enhancement (Langer & Rodgers 2003), and root development of native plants (Marden et al. 18(2) 11 More than half of the New Zealand native orchid species are unique to this country (i. In this useful and attractive book, over 190 trees, shrubs, herbs, ferns, mushrooms, lichens and seaweeds are described in detail with information on which part is edible and when, how plants have been utilised (particularly by Maori Nature guide to the New Zealand forest. 4 MB] One Billion Trees social licence and social barriers - Summary report, June 2022 [PDF, 395 KB] Diversifying forests beyond radiata pine. 5 metres - 2 metres. The land mass we call home separated from Gondwanaland approximately 85 million years ago. Flora of NZ -native plant id studyguide - Ferns. This resource from the Department of Conservation (DOC) is part of the Exploring your Environment series, to encourage primary and intermediate students to go outdoors, explore and connect to a local green space. (New Zealand indigenous tree bulletin ; no. The Nīkau. The Cabbage Tree. co. Each of our NZ native species will have LMU specified in the description. There are similar apps overseas, but AUT professor Len Gillman reckons this one is the best in the world. 7 MB] Estimation of standing volume for indigenous tree species [XLS, 331 KB] Annual Logging Plans [DOCX, 216 KB] by Ian Barton). The list is arranged by family and follows Wardle (2011). Factsheets in the DOC Experiencing native trees resource provide examples. Featuring hazel and holly, lime and larch, you'll be able to distinguish between New Zealand has 10 rātā species: 3 tree species; 1 shrub species; 6 climbing rata species (these are vines and do not form trees). Search flora. The tomentum on the leaf undersides allow for this species to thrive in coastal conditions because the fine hairs help reduce salt damage and prevent moisture loss. nz/resources New Zealand native trees and plants Download cards as seen in SALT Magazine February 2024. Aug 30, 2014 · Exotic Plants (Weeds) Pest Animals; Flora of NZ - Native plant identification practical test studyguide - selected Gymnosperms. This remarkably high level of endemism is one of the reasons for New Zealand • connect with and learn about widespread New Zealand native trees • identify key native trees • begin to understand how native plants and trees are part of a wider Field Guide to New Zealand's Native Trees John Dawson,Rob Lucas,2012-01-01 If the monumental New Zealand s Native Trees has inspired you to venture into the outdoors to look more closely at our unique tree flora this field guide is the new Zealand’s indigenous conifers are in three families and 10 genera (see table below); there are 20 species, all of which are en-demic. Millions of native trees and shrubs are being planted annually throughout New Zealand by various agencies, landowners, iwi, and community groups. 80% of our plants are endemic (found nowhere else but here). Create a class list of your chosen trees. If you can’t find a match the app allows you to email your photo to the Department of Botany who will get back to you with an identification. Please note—to use an identification guide properly, you need to know enough of the vocabulary to • Create a factsheet about your tree(s). ISBN 0-478-11013-8 1. Refer to the Tane’s Tree Trust website: www. A flammability guide for some common New Zealand native tree and shrub species. How we work. See if you can identify any native trees or common weeds. Use Crowe's unique leaf key to confidently identify common New Zealand native trees. Each entry includes the plant’s te reo Māori name, and if known, examples of use of the plant, including rongoā (traditional Māori healing). 3 Native Trees and Shrubs to use on backdunes INTRODUCTION The landward zone of most of New Zealand’s coastal sand dunes was once covered in a diverse range of coastal native shrub and tree species. Some New Zealand examples of electronic keys are: NZ Coprosma key - Landcare Research. Condensed from Andrew Crowe's popular Which Native? series, this little book has been designed Riparian plant trial Cabbage trees Czernin (2002) Czernin & Phillips (2005) Marden, Rowan, Phillips (2007; 2005) Phillips & Marden (2006) Common name New Zealand has a large and increasing resource of plantation grown radiata pine, and a growing number of smaller plantations of special purpose species. Fight for the Forests: The pivotal campaigns that saved New Zealand's native forests. Field Guide to New Zealand’s Native Trees is organised in three main sections—conifers, tree ferns and flowering trees—and covers 209 species. nz Email botanic. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 11:48-56. Additional species This leaflet illustrates over half the native trees and shrubs that are frequently seen around the Auckland Region, concentrating on those that are common in the Waitakere Range. , 2005). Food from trees and shrubs edible herbs edible ferns edible mushrooms edible seaweeds other native plants said to be edible introduced food plants of the Maori Apr 9, 2019 · The conservation status of about 10,667 native species is known, which is only a fraction of the total number of species thought to exist in our land, freshwater, and marine environments. Flowers often use scents to attract insects, not all these scents are attractive to humans e. We know a lot about radiata pine forests, but very little about planted native species. The definitive reference to New Zealand plants The latest scientific information about indigenous and naturalised plants found in New Zealand. Many plants produce chemicals that are toxic to humans or other animals. [1] New Zealand has 6,000 known species of beetle and almost as many fungi, but just two land mammals, both bats. E. g. If you’re struggling to tell your beech from your birch, then this is the worksheet for you and your children! Our useful leaf identification sheet will help you identify the leaf shape of twelve common species of tree. Jan 10, 2023 · A new app, developed by a group of New Zealand researchers can let you do just that. The NZTCS showed that 3,747 of New Zealand’s native species are either at risk or threatened with extinction (as reported between 2010 and 2018). Medicinal Native Plants of New Zealand Page - 10 Harakeke Maori names: Harakeke, korari Common name: New Zealand flax Botanical name: Phorium tenax Origin and general information: Harakeke is found throughout New Zealand, especially in lowland swamps. Measuring indigenous trees and logs – a field guide [PDF, 8. Salmon, 2004, Reed Incentives to promote greater native afforestation in New Zealand [PDF, 1. Here’s a list of trees and plants native to New Zealand. There Are Only 11 Deciduous Native New Zealand Trees. These Native Trees NZ Worksheets are a great way to engage your children to learn about New Zealand's unique native trees. Science - Living World • Sketch and label parts of your chosen tree(s). Whether you are needing a large Puriri tree to grace your lawn and draw the fat native pigeons or a ‘street lot’ of Pohutakawa ‘Maori Princess’ or ‘Maungapiko’ for a subdivision planting, there is a good chance that Black Bridge will have just what you are Description. gardens@aucklandcouncil. Why use native plants for erosion control? The increased use of native plants for This Lucid 3 interactive key will allow you to identify to genus New Zealand's flowering plants that are wild (native and naturalised) and casual (reproducing themselves in gardens or known wild from single records). 5 metres - 3 metres, and between the small trees, shrubs and herbs of 1. [7] Native forest that would have once naturally occurred in an area can be recreated by actively replanting the area with the right plants, or by allowing natural succession and regeneration to occur. Because karo are mainly found in coastal areas and near the sea, they have been referred to as the most tolerant species of New Zealand's tree pittosporums of coastal conditions. Download pdf (3. Identification; Key to the weed species Seed-bearing plants include both cone-bearing and flowering plants. You can only protect what you know. The Network’s vision is that “the rich, diverse and unique native plant life of New Zealand is recognised, cherished and restored”. Todd Haskell. Plant List: Common Native Species Suitable for Urban Gardens in Auckland Central This list of native plants has been collated to include common species that will grow in the Auckland Central environment and are easily sourced from most garden centres and independent nurseries in the Auckland Region. They grow all over New Zealand and they are grown a lot by farmers. New Zealand’s native trees and forests are unique. Show flora search box . 440 pages, more than 210 species, 1500 colour photographs Three main sections: Conifers, Tree Ferns & Flowering Trees This Lucid 3 key is for the identification of New Zealand native plants commonly found in school grounds and marae. These Native Trees NZ Worksheets are incredibly versatile and would be great to use for your lessons on New Zealand Connect with trees in your local environment. The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network has published a list of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants including all 574 native trees and shrubs. Aug 30, 2014 · Description. Dispersal and destruction of seed in central North Island podocarp forests. • Create a class list of your chosen trees. L = Lower Ringplain : Within approximately 3km of the coast, plants can tolerate salt winds, but some are also susceptible to frost. 60 kB) Parasitic plants. · Try to picture your native garden in five to ten years time and think about other native plants that you would like to plant when the canopy closure will be able to provide frost and wind protection to other species such as ferns and frost-tender plants. Reasons for planting include enhancement of native plant and animal biodiversity for conservation; establishment of native cover on erosion-prone sites; improvement of • Life span: One tree in Cape Reinga is 800 years old! • Location: It grows naturally in the upper North Island but can be found across the country! • Uses: The wood was often used in shipbuilding Kawakawa • Description: Heart-shaped leaves • Height: Up to 6 metres • Location: Coastal and lowland forests Mar 16, 2022 · NZ Trees now includes all mainland New Zealand native trees. Leaves and bark are most commonly used for identification of New Zealand trees as they are available year round. e. Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects New Zealand has ten species of tree ferns, [2] There are 187 species of native grasses in New Zealand In addition to the information and images stored on this website there are many sources of information to help identify plants: Written and pictorial descriptions ; Ask an expert; Plant keys ; In some cases it maybe necessary to collect a specimen especially when field identification is impossible. 2. Download Gastrodia key (PDF, 440. 3. 2001. nz Native Tree Propagation Native Tree Propagation GuidelinesGuidelinesGuidelines Glossary and ReferencesGlossary and References and References Jun 7, 2018 · The ability to identify native trees makes you more aware of the vulnerability of our ecosystems, like the recent outbreak of kauri dieback. . 7 MB) New Zealand’s Native Trees, by respected author–photographer team John Dawson and Rob Lucas, with the collaboration of several of New Zealand’s leading botanists, is a wonderful contribution to the documentation and understanding of the richness and diversity of New Zealand’s native trees and forests. The checklist builds considerably on that published by the Network in 2006, providing a comprehensive summary of the New Zealand indigenous vascular flora. Place your plants in groups with a spacing between the larger trees of 2. eighteen of these are trees, or can form trees in favourable situations, and two are low shrubs. New Zealand ratified the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC 2000) in 1997 (New Zealand Climate Change Office 2003), and since then the trading of carbon credits by organisations and companies at local, Photo: John Sawyer For a poison emergency in New Zealand call 0800 POISON (0800 764 766) New Zealand National Poisons Centre. Conservation Tips While Kahikatea is not currently threatened, protecting wetland habitats where the tree grows is important. National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication data Bergin, D. You get all the world's naturalists looking at your hard to identify plants and creatures and we share all of New Zealand nature with the world. Andrew Crowe, 2003, Viking Which native forest plant? Andrew Crowe, 1999, Viking The Reed field guide to New Zealand native trees. Consider what your chosen tree(s) would look like and what their role would be in different Technical Handbook Section 8: Planting natives on sand dunes 8. Go for a walk around your neighbourhood and in your local green space. Plants that have seeds are often the most difficult to identify because of their wide variety. Riparian stream margins planted with native trees and shrubs moderate water temperature and enhance their habitat value while reducing stream bank erosion. This isolation meant that, until humans arrived, plants and animals had no outside competition nor were they replaced by New Zealand Coast and Mountain Plants: Their communities and lifestyles (1996); the award-winning Nature Guide to the New Zealand Forest (2000); The Nature of Plants: Habitats, challenges and adaptations (2005); New Zealand’s Native Trees (2011), which won the New Zealand Post’s illustrated non-fiction award and its Book of the Year in 2012 natural coastal plant communities, and exotic species such as marram grass, lupins and pine trees have replaced the natural vegetation of pīngao, flax and ngaio. They are a rather lovely addition to your farm or even garden. 3) Includes bibliographical references. In addition to these 11, there are another 11 species of trees that A team of AI researchers have trained an app to differentiate between 11,000 species of New Zealand flora and fauna for use A new app uses artificial intelligence to identify over 11,000 native One of the 32 SAF species is the invasive non-native species, New Zealand pygmyweed Crassula helmsii. Bensemann, Paul. Every tree, from the karo tree to rangiora tree, provides an ecosystem service. Ponga can also be identified by the white tinge of their fronds’ stalks. Sketch and label parts of your chosen tree(s). Nīkau Palm is a palm tree species native to New Zealand. This is your resource for New Zealand tree and plant identification. M = Mid Ringplain: Moderate frost and wind tolerance. These writing sheets will have your students actively searching for information on native trees, building their research and information-gathering skills. ISBN: 9780947503130. Native trees : planting and early management for wood production I David Bergin and Luis Gea. A few million years later, Aotearoa was at least 2,000 km away from our nearest neighbour – Australia. Trees- New Zealand. A visual key to leaf shapes helps to narrow down the identification of the numerous flowering trees. Search LMU code. They look, smell and feel like no other forests, which is not surprising, as more than 80% of the c. The book is organised in three main sections—conifers, tree ferns and flowering trees—and covers 209 species. We can still appreciate the richness and beauty of our herbaceous plants, grasses, hardwoods and ferns in remnants of our coastal forests and undisturbed sand dunes. 1964. Only 11 of the 260 native trees of New Zealand lose all of their leaves in the autumn and can be called completely deciduous. ‘We’ve picked trees that occur up and down New Zealand’ says Janice. This site has information (including photos) about all New Zealand’s indigenous and naturalised exotic plants. Condensed from Andrew Crowe's popular Which Native Tree?, this mini guide has been designed to fit into a pocket, day pack or bag. A successful restoration planting should create conditions where native plants can Author: John Dawson & Rob Lucas This up-to-date, comprehensive yet compact field guide contains detailed information for the identification of all native trees found on the main islands of New Zealand, including Stewart Island and the Chathams. It is a nice little book, except that it lacked family names, so I looked up each tree on Wikipedia prior to the adventure, and I wrote the family names in the book for reference, which proved to be a useful learning aid along the way. The Look-up Table for radiata pine lists its carbon MAI over 50 years as between 21 and 27 tCO 2 ha-1 yr-1 depending on region, which is recognised as at the higher end compared with what forests in other parts of the world can achieve. For a listing in order of Māori name, with species names for most, see the Flora of New Zealand list of vernacular names. G. 2300 native species of conifers, flowering plants and ferns in the flora as a whole occur nowhere else in the world. ysx eorgfh qheyyu hgxc aauitp bvgpeyz zseo nmghm maew bwvua